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I've talked to a lot of designers over my career. Many of them knew exactly what they wanted to do from a young age. They had some kind of mechanical inclination and an innate desire to take things apart and to create. They have the ability to focus and noodle over an idea in the methodical, inexhaustible manner of a diesel engine. In the world of the tortoise and the hare, they're the tortoise. This article isn't about them.
There is a whole other group of designers that run the race in a much different manner. If I keep with the engine analogy, they're more the Ferrari's of the world. They run fast and hot, hugging the corners with a jaw-dropping ability to win the race with awesome speed. Ideas for these designers come fast and furious. As capable as they are of the exhilarating win, they can hit the wall and explode into a gazillion little pieces. This story is about these Ferrari-like designers. They are designers that live with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder—ADHD or ADD for short.
Part of the Human Condition
My research, since my diagnosis a year ago, has led me to believe that ADHD is on the continuum of the human condition. A belief which is supported by the fact that every time I describe typical symptoms of ADHD to someone, they claim that they show signs of the same problems. I mean, seriously, who doesn't forget their lunch on the counter or misplace their keys every now and then? I am sure you can't point a finger at a single person and have them deny that they've gotten so engrossed in a task that the world melted away and time warped. We all have scatter-brained moments complimented by intense focus. So, what is it that separates somebody with ADHD with their bouts of forgetfulness and ability to focus from the herd?
In short, it is frequency and impact.
Frequency is an easy one to explain. The frequency in which things like car keys teleporting from the place they were last seen to the top of the 7 foot-tall bookshelf (true story) is far more common for someone with ADHD than someone without ADHD.
The tougher part to explain is impact. The psychological impact of losing one's keys shouldn't be a big deal. It should fall under the category of "shit happens" and thrown into the mind's circular file shortly after you finally do find said keys. It isn't uncommon for a person with ADHD to believe they're stupid due to their ongoing struggle with convergent thinking (aka taking tests). When you go your whole life where weekly, if not daily, you're going through these exercises in frustration, the impact on your psyche is cumulative. This is the hardest part to express. It is an emotional reaction that borders on visceral. It affects the rest of your day and rather than recovering, it feels as though it snowballs and makes things worse as the day goes on.
The Good, the Bad and the ADHD
For many, their experience with ADHD is that most all of the "bad" parts of the disorder can be managed through awareness, discipline or even drugs. It seems like everywhere you turn, someone is talking about the problems of ADHD but not the benefits. The part that I want to ensure is understood is that there are many facets of ADHD that can be weapons for a designer's success. Some might even argue that a designer with ADD has an advantage over those who don't. Again, research shows that a brain that is wired by ADHD is also tuned for creativity. Matthew Kutz, a 13-year-old student with ADD, explains it very succinctly:
"Being ADD means you see things other people miss. When you see a peach you see a piece of fruit. I see the color, the texture and the field where it grew."
If you follow the belief that creativity is having the ability to envision disparate pieces of information to bring them together in new ways, then you can see by Matthew's example how someone with ADHD could very well be wired specifically for a profession in Design. I am actually starting to head down the path of believing that there is a design methodology that can be harnessed based on the way an ADDer views the world. Using Matthew's quote above to lead credence to this thought, a designer with ADD could conceivably teach others to see the color, the texture and the field where the peach grows instead of just a piece of fruit.
So what? Now What?
I typically avoid taking on the task of suggesting how people should deal with symptoms of ADHD as I'm not a psychologist. Tackling the spaghetti pile of emotions that comes with wrapping your head around the idea that you have a disorder is not something that can be untangled with a laundry list of tasks doled out by some dude on the Internet. I would like to suggest that you consider that ADHD can be an advantage to a designer if managed properly. A person with ADHD is commonly associated with a strengthened ability for divergent thinking and can thrive if provided an environment that compliments that mindset. In the context of design, divergent thinking is coming up with creative solutions to a problem—or as many of our colleagues call it, Design Thinking.
Now that I am aware of ADHD and the behaviors associated with it, I see it in people everywhere. There is nowhere I see it more frequently than when I am in a room full of "creative types." I believe the reason a person with ADHD is drawn to the world of design is because they're wired for it on a basic level. There's a strong argument to be had for the idea that ADHD is a driving force in the world of design. So, go back to your desk, push aside the candy bar wrappers, crank the tunes and find the flow. Because if you're an Attention Deficit Designer, I believe you've found the perfect job for yourself.
About Jon Winebrenner
Jon Winebrenner is a design professional who has been working as a designer in various capacities for nearly two decades. He's worked in many facets of the design world from wireless product development to packaging to being a comic strip artist. He graduated from Purdue University with a bachelor's in industrial design and is currently a partner in a full-service product development company (OneOak Design), producer of a tutorial DVD for the design industry (the.brief.DVD), moderator on the Core77 Discussion Forums (a.k.a. ip_wirelessly), and he writes a blog called The Attention Deficit Designer.
Comments
I'm pretty sure that there is a difference between ADD and ADHD. They are not the same thing.
A decade ago I got a hookup on some Ritalin and used (or mis-used) them to crank out 14 hour days in Pro-E. I don't have ADD or ADHD. Just getting stuff done.
Good article and interesting way to think about how the field attracts these types of thinkers. Also, in my experience it seems speed is preferred over perfection. The slow and deliberate thinker unfortunately isn't given the time to work his or her magic as often. Seems to be a common theme in many creative industries. Get the product to a "good enough" point, then expose it to consumers. I'm still unsure if this is a good thing though.
Did you know that Einstein had ADHD? Many of our most brilliant and creative people have it. This article interests me because my daughter has it and I turned away from the meds and am using a neuro feedback platform called playattention. It's based on the premise that we, are as this author notes: are wired for it on a basic level (referring to designers) but this is also my point. She is wired differently and that structure needs to be tapped into for behavior shaping to occur. In her case, it is focus and lack of attention. Is that all bad, no I do not believe so but for her to survive in this world she needs this structure.
Thanks for writing about this. I was diagnosed several years ago, and as much as the meds helped me calm my brain down, I was in art school at the time, and it completely destroyed my creativity. (ADHD people slow down on stimulants like Adderall, unlike the people who just use it to study and find themselves grinding their teeth and getting revved up.) I've since stopped taking meds, and create as much structure in my life as I can. Lots of life-hacks to keep from losing things and schedules to keep me on task. But it's all to keep my creativity, which I believe has something to do with left brain right brain shifts, that is, fast switching between narrow focused detail, and broad holistic perspectives. Thanks again for writing. Is there a book about the positive aspects of ADD? There should be.
Thanks to everyone for taking the time to provide your thoughts.
First, Jake. ADD and ADHD are the same thing in that they are two uses of the term. The technical usage is ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). There are varying manifestations of ADHD, one of them being the lack of the "H" (Hyperactivity). People simply shorten to ADD...which does make for confusion.
GeorgeP...there are many books. I would recommend the website totallyadd.com before the books though. On the site you'll find a PBS TV show called "ADD and Loving It". The show and the site is about finding the positives in the disorder.
Jean....the list is much longer than many people know. Einstein, Edison, Greg LeMond, the list is long. I will be looking into PlayAttention. Thanks for mentioning it.
Michael....I agree that fast and furious may not be the best solution. But it has it's place.
Doctors no longer differentiate between ADHD and ADD. I was diagnosed 11 years ago, also while in art school. I hated being ADD at first, would have done anything to get rid of it, but now I see that it is too much a part of my creativity, which is a huge part of my sense of self, to want to change. I also noticed the decreased level of creativity I have on meds but I also finish more projects. I've learned to skip meds on days when I have a lot of small stuff to take care of or if I feel like I'm stuck.
My very surprising experience is that eye dominance can affect this. I was strongly left eye dominant until I experimented with a something called eye yoga to improve vision. (google it, it works) One of the exercises was to wear an eye patch on your dom. eye for a few minutes a day to strengthen your weaker eye. As my right eye became stronger, many of the things historically associated with left brain became stronger: linear thinking, time perception, numbers and counting. This didn't crowd out my creativity, it just helped me find balance.
In my very unscientific polling, I've found that most people I find to be creative are L eye dominant. Hopefully someone else reading this will try it with success.
Struggling to find the attention to read the entire article! (Just kidding - sort of).
Yes, ADD is just an older familiar term that covers the various types of ADHD.
GeorgeP and others: here is a great, positive, and realistic book on ADHD, written by two top-notch scientists and clinicians. Hallowell, Edward M. and Ratey, John J. "Driven to Distraction (Revised): Recognizing and Coping with Attention Deficit Disorder." New York: Anchor Books, 1994 and 2011. It is a realistic text with some great, great broad commentary on how best to live with ADHD. It also promotes the best positive aspects on having ADHD. There is even a chapter for your spouse or significant other, helping them understand who you are and where some of your actions and tendencies come from. This is my #1 recommended best read on the topic.
I love this article. I have long suspected that there are major benefits to my creativity from the way my brain works. I know that I think about creative problem-solving in a very different way than my peers, taking larger leaps and considering way more possibilities in a shorter period of time. This is not about intelligence, but rather about my ability to consider many different things in quick succession, isolate important standouts, and follow them up until they either succeed or fail. It all happens very quickly thanks to how my brain works.
Be very cautious of medication. Adderall has permanently changed how my brain works. It was helpful when I took it, but I wish I had known that it would put a blunt edge on the sharpest of my brain.
Overall, however, for all the suffering and difficulty this has caused in my life, I am very happy to have the ADHD brain. I wouldn't trade the way my mind works for anything. It's who I am and I am going to make the best of it in my life.
Good article, Jon! LOUD AND PROUD!
I was diagnosed many years ago, in adulthood. ADHD.
Yes ADHD and ADD are used interchangably. But to a doctor or researcher, they are not the same thing.
AD/HD is the proper blanket term. It addresses the two main areas of impairment.
The first is Attention Deficit. (Which is itself not accurate. It's not a deficit. It's uneven attention. Hyper-focused and then easily distracted. And not under your control.)
The second aspect is Hyperactivity. Which is further broken into "Hyperactivity" and "Impulsivity". In adults the "Hyperactivity" tends to be internalized. Restlessness. Talkative. Etc.
So the proper term is Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. AD/HD. Which is usually written as ADHD.
It covers two main subtypes.
The first is "Predominantly Combined Subtype" These folks, 80% males, have problems with Attention and with Hyperactivity & Impulsivity. (That's me.) It's called AD/HD. Or ADHD.
The "Predominantly Inattentive Subtype" folks, 50% males, 50% females (roughly) only have problems with Attention. They tend to be quieter, daydreamer, introverted, lost in thought. ADD for short.
And even then these are not clear boundaries. It's a spectrum.
So yes, we all use the terms ADD & ADHD interchangeably, but a doctor would say they are different.
I love what you said about how everyone has the symptoms. This is a video that goes into that more.
http://totallyadd.com/isnt-everyone-add-sometimes/
Alternatively, there are compelling arguments that there's really no such thing as ADD or ADHD, that these are convenient rationalizations from an overly-compartmentalized and symptom-driven view, that concentration is something traditionally learned, and that we as a society are failing utterly at recognizing the debilitating effects of a childhood spent surrounded by entertainment media comprised of bite-sized, high-impact, low-content information that is largely useless and which literally trains us toward short attention span. Add to that a diet of sugars and toxic chemicals, much of it advertised and supported by that same media juggernaut, and you have a recipe for breeding a new kind of scatterbrain.
Turn off the media stream and learn to concentrate. You'll be surprised by the unique rewards.
not paying attention....there is no doubt in my mind that we live in a world that exacerbates, if not creates, an environment that makes it impossible to focus. The reality is that there are physical and chemical differences in one's brain who has ADHD.
What you describe is along the same lines as the "hunter theory" in the world of ADHD. That being, human genetics was tuned for thousands of years to be out in the woods,or on the plains hunting and gathering. Some believe that those with ADHD are direct descendants of a hunter culture. The last 150-300 years of placing our kids in rows and asking them to sit still for 6+ hours a day doesn't play well with a brain that's tuned to be constantly looking for the dangers of the open plains.
If you have trouble focusing, turning off the media stream is a good idea. But it doesn't necessarily change one's wiring.
Nicely phrased article. I teach woodwork to students with various diagnoses, and I'd like to be always working with the capacity/strength affirming approach you recommend. I'm finding that the supposed boundary between ASD and ADD/ADHD is breaking down. Students who might previously have been labelled ADHD, now occasionally being labelled ASD; not that these labels mean too much in practice. The key to progress is, as you say, to identify and understand capacity/strength which can be affirmed. I reject the whole idea of people having disorders, in the medical sense. Love your metaphors. " ... ability to focus and noodle over an idea in the methodical, inexhaustible manner of a diesel engine". That pretty much describes how I design, most of the time.